The mind is its own place, and in itself can make a heaven of Hell, a hell of heaven..” in paradise lost Milton produced poem of epic scale, conjuring up a vast, awe-inspiring cosmos and ranging across huge tracts of space and time, populated by a memorable gallery of grotesques. And yet, in putting a charismatic Satan and naked, innocent Adam and Eve at the centre of this story, he also created an intensely human tragedy on the fall of man. Written when Milton was in his fifties – blind, bitterly disappointed by the restoration and in danger of execution – paradise lost’s apparent ambivalence towards authority has led to intense debate about whether it manages to ‘justify the ways of God to men’, or exposes the cruelty of Christianity.